PASSIVE VOICE, CAUSATIVE HAVE

Passive Voice, Causative Have

Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.  Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (diikuti direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Rumus Passive Voice

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.

Catatan:

·         Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being), kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) atau antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).

·         Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive.

Contoh: She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

·         Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular atau irregular.

Contoh: play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)

Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:

Komponen			Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
Subject	be	PP
I	am	paid	I am paid in dollars. (Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)
the red velvet recipe	is	used	The red velvet recipe is used by many people. (Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)
all of my shoes	are	washed	All of my shoes are washed every month. (Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)
large amounts of meat and milk	are	consumed	Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the countries. (Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)
the book	was	edited	The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
the books	were	edited	The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

Causative Verb

Causative verb adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa subject tidak bertanggungjawab langsung terhadap aksi yang terjadi melainkan seseorang atau sesuatu yang lain yang melakukan aksi tersebut.

Fungsi dan Rumus Causative Verbs

Kalimat causative verb terbagi menjadi 2 macam, yaitu active dan passive causative. Pada kalimat active causative verb, agent (yang mengerjakan aksi) diketahui. Sebaliknya, pada kalimat passive causative verb, agent biasanya tidak disebutkan. Let, make, have, dan get merupakan causative verb yang umum digunakan.

Fungsi dan rumus let, make, have, dan get dalam bentuk tabel sebagai berikut :

Verb	Fungsi	Rumus Active and Passive Causative
Let	membiarkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu	Active:  S + let + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + …
Make	memaksa atau sangat menyakinkan seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu	Active:  S + (make-made) + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + …
Have	menginginkan seseorang mengerjakan sesuatu untuk subjek	Active:  S + (have-had) + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + object Passive:  S + (have-had) + object + action verb (V-3)
Get	mirip dengan have namun dengan struktur kalimat yang berbeda	Active:  S + (get-got) + agent + action verb (to infinitive) + … Passive:  S + (got) + object + action verb (V-3)

Berikut tabel contoh kalimat Causative Verb :

Rumus	Verb	Contoh kalimat
Active Causative Verbs	Have – had	Lala had her friend take her result test.
		The student had the teacher speak slowly.
	Get – got	She got her parents to buy her a tennis racket.
		The boy got his cat to chase a mouse.
	Make – made	The woman made her daughter eat up the tomatoes.
		The manager makes her staff work hard.
	Let	My father lets me choose my own future carrier.
		The shepherd lets his sheep graze in the meadow.
Passive Causative Verbs	Have – had	I had my house renovated last week.
		He had his book returned as soon as possible.
	Get – got	Teddy got the money saved in the bank.
		Yulia got her bedroom cleaned.

SUMBER :

https://firahdite0110.wordpress.com/2015/04/23/passive-voice-causative-have/

http://mariayulianisibuea.blogspot.com/2015/05/materi-10-passive-voice-causative-have.html