SUBJECT, VERB, COMPLEMENT & MODIFIER

o   Subject
Apa itu subject?

Subject  merupakan bentuk pelaku ataupun ataupun penyebab dari suatu hal terjadi. Subject banyak kita jumpai dalam sebuah kalimat, baik bahasa indonesia maupun bahasa inggris.

Perhatikan kalimat berikut ini :

• she walks to the market (dia berjalan ke pasar)
• he plays a music (dia bermain sebuah musik)
• they run together (mereka berlari bersama-sama)

Dari ketiga bentuk kalimat tersebut, yang manakah yang termasuk subject atau pelaku dalam sebuah kalimat? Yaps! she, he dan they. mengapa? karena ketiganya berfungsi sebagai pelaku dalam suatu tindakan.

1.SIMPLE SUBJECT
Simple subject atau yang biasa disebut dengan subject sederhana, merupakan jenis subject atau pelaku dalam sebuah kalimat yang hanya terdiri dari satu pelaku saja. Simple subject bisa berupa noun, infinitive, pronoun dan juga gerund.

a.Contoh kata benda sebagai subject

• I send a message for him (aku mengirim sebuah pesan untuk nya)
• my mom cooks a deliciuos food (ibuku memasak sebuah makanan yang lezat)
• Bandar Lampung is the city full with the memory (Bandar Lampung adalah kota yang penuh dengan kenangan)

b.Contoh Pronoun Sebagai Subject

• she comes to my house thid day (dia datang ke rumahku hari ini)
• we always call him everyday (kami selalu menelepon nya setiap hari)
• she wears a beautiful dress (dia memakai gaun yang indah)

c.Contoh Gerund Sebagai sebuah subject

• Reading a novel is one of my hobby (membaca adalah salah satu dari hobiku)
• Listening music is my daily activity (mendengarkan musik adalah aktivitas ku sehari-hari)
• playing game is his hobby (bermain game adalah hobinya)

d.Contoh Infinitive sebagai subject

• To build a house, we should have much money (untuk membangun sebuah gedung kita harus memiliki bayak uang)
• To make beautiful wedding is interesting thing to do (membuat pernikahan yag indah adalah hal menarik untuk dilakukan)
• To cook needs skill (memasak membutuhkan ketrampilan)

e.Contoh Klausa sebagai sebuah subject

• when you see me, my heart is beat so fast (ketika kamu melihat ku, jatungku berdegup cepat)
• what I say to you is honest (yang akau katakan padamu jujur)

2.COMBINED SUBJECT

Combined subject merupakan subject yang memiliki lebih dari satu subject dalam sebuah kalimat.

Contoh :

• My father and my mother are life happily (ayahku dan ibuku hidup dengan bahagia)
• I and you are bestfriend (aku dan kamu adalah teman baik)
• Mira and maya are twins (mira dan maya adalah kembar)
• Jhoni and Lucky are enemy (jhoni dan luki adalah musuh)
• Mango and apple are my favourite fruit (mangga dan apel adalah buah favoritku)

o   Verb

Verb (kata kerja) adalah suatu kata yang berfungsi untuk menunjukkan tindakan dari subject, menunjukkan peristiwa atau keadaan. Verb merupakan satu dari delapan part of speech.

Kata kerja bahasa Inggris tidak selalu berbentuk simple (satu kata), melainkan mungkin berupa frasa hasil kombinasi dengan particle menjadi phrasal verb (get in, make up, read over).

Macam-Macam dan Contoh Verb

Beberapa macam dan contoh verb antara lain sebagai berikut.

§  Transitive dan Intransitive: Transitive diikuti direct object (contoh kalimat: The boy kicked the ball), sedangkan intransitive tidak (contoh kalimat: Cheryl often sneezes while cleaning).

§  Regular dan Irregular: Pada bentuk regular, past tense dan participle didapat dengan menambahkan suffix–ed pada base form sedangkan pada irregular, caranya lebih bervariasi.

§  Action dan Stative: Action (eat, play) menyatakan bahwa sesuatu terjadi, sedangkan stative (love, need) menyatakan kondisi yang cenderung tetap.

§  Finite dan Non-Finite: Finite dipengaruhi tense dan subject-verb agreement, sedangkan non-finite tidak.

§  Linking Verb: menghubungkan subject of a sentence dengan deskripsinya (contoh kalimat: She is young and beautiful).

§  Causative: Kata kerja untuk menunjukkan bahwa subjek tidak bertanggungjawab langsung terhadap aksi yang terjadi (contoh kalimat: I had my house renovated last week).

o   COMPLEMENT

§  Biasanya berupa noun (kata benda) atau noun phrase (frasa kata benda)

§  biasanya terdapat setelah verb pada kalimat aktif

§  complement menjawab pertanyaan what (apa) atau siapa (whom)

contoh:

§  Sarijon bought a cake yesterday

·         What did Sarijon buy yesterday?  –> a cake.

§  He saw Tony at the movie

·         Whom did he see at the movie? –> Tony

§  I explain pharmacology to my students

·         What do I explain to my students? –> pharmacology

Catatan: Setiap kalimat tidak harus mempunyai complement.

o   MODIFIER

§  Modifier menjelaskan time (waktu), place (tempat), atau manner (cara) dari sebuah aksi atau perbuatan

§  Bentuk yang paling umum dari modifier adalah prepositional phrase (kelompok kata yang dimulai dengan sebuah preposition dan diakhiri dengan sebuah noun

·         Preposition = on, out, under, behind, etc…

§  Modifier menjawab pertanyaan when (kapan), where (dimana), atau how (bagaimana)

Contoh:

§  John bought a book at a book fair

·         Where did John buy a book? –> at a book fair

§  She is driving very fast

·         How is she driving? –> very fast

§  I posted my application yesterday

·         When do I post my application? –> yesterday

So, seperti ini unsur-unsur Subject, Verb, Complement dan Modifier dalam contoh kalimat :

We   studied   grammar   last week.

S            V                  C                M

Contoh

1.      George / adalah memasak / makan malam / malam
(subjek) (frase verba) (pelengkap) (pengubah waktu)

2.      Henry dan Marcia / telah mengunjungi / presiden
(subjek) (frase verba) (pelengkap)

3.      Kami / makan / siang / di restoran ini / hari
(tergantung) (frase verba) (pelengkap) (modifikator tempat) (pengubah waktu)

4.      Pat / harus membeli / bensin / kemarin
(subjek) (frase verba) (pelengkap) (pengubah waktu)

5.      Pohon / tumbuh
(subjek) (frase verba)

6.      Hal / hujan / at 07:00 pagi ini
(subjek) (frase verba) (pengubah waktu)

7.      Dia / membuka / bukunya
(subjek) (frase verba) (pelengkap)

8.      Harry / sedang mencuci / piring / sekarang
(subjek) (frase verba) (pelengkap) (pengubah waktu)

9.      Dia / membuka / bukunya
(subjek) (frase verba) (pelengkap)

10.  Paul, William, dan Marry / sedang menonton / televisi / beberapa menit yang lalu
(subjek) (frase verba) (pelengkap) (pengubah waktu)

Matkul : BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

Nurhaliza Amalia

25216574

3EB13

 sumber:

https://www.kuliahbahasainggris.com/pengertian-jenis-dan-contoh-subject-dalam-kalimat-bahasa-inggris/

https://fauziauzhe.wordpress.com/2015/05/11/subject-verb-complement-modifier/

PERSONAL DESCRIPTION

Hello, everybody. Allow me to introduce myself. My complete name is Nurhaliza Amalia,  you can call me Liza or Haliza. I was born on September 07, 1998 in Rawamangun, East Jakarta, Indonesia. I am the first of two children. My father works as a civil servant, in one of the nuclear institutions in South Jakarta, and my mother is a housewife. I have a younger sister, named Alexa Anggraini, she is ten years old. our age difference is ten years.

My hobies are Swimming , watch movie and comedy, and business online because all that make me happy. I graduated from high school in my hometown, that 36 senior high school. At that time I am committed to continue my studies to a higher level. Right now I am sitting in one of the universities, namely the Gunadarma University, I have taken 5 semesters for the moment, and I really wanted to finish my studies as soon as possible. I majored in Accounting, Faculty of Economy. There are various reasons why I took this studying, when I was in senior high school I liked accounting.

I have an online business on Instagram. with username @ indostrawless. I sell straws made from melamine. this is also to support the reduction of plastic waste which replaces many bad things. Especially for animals on the sea.

According to my friend, I am a humorous person, a little slow, I am also a person who likes to be angry. But, I really have a heart that is easy to feel something. I also have a nature that always wants to try, and good speaking. I have strong ambitions to achieve goals. even though, sometimes I am sad because of the sentence from someone else who judge me. that I can't be what I want to be.

My goal is to become a woman entrepreneur who has a branch of business everywhere. that's why I really like accounting. I always imagined I could buy my parents a house, raise them hajj, and can provide happiness every day, repay all the sacrifices they have given me.

I think that's enough introduction, and success always for all. Thank you

Matkul : BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

Nurhaliza Amalia

25216574

3EB13

           

FORMAL LETTER , INFORMAL LETTER & JOB APLLICATION LETTER

FORMAL LETTER , INFORMAL LETTER & JOB APPLICATION LETTER

o   FORMAL LETTER

                                                                                                                                 

Formal letter is a letter that is used for legitimate interests, both individuals, institutions, and organizations. In writing a formal letter, the language is standard one,polite,and formal.

Characteristics of  Formal Letter :

Ø  use effective sentences; simple, concise, clear, polite and interesting.

Ø  use standard language according to customized spelling (EYD) both spelling, vocabulary, and grammar.

Ø  The presentation uses the form of full block, semi block or indented block.

Ø  Using letterhead.

Ø  Listed letter numbers, attachments, and subject matter.

v  Example (Full Block Style) :

PT WIKI SEJAHTERA JL. Cempaka Putih No. 189 Telp (021)47666 Fax. (021).62525 http://www.wikisejahtera.co.id Email: ws@gmail.com Central Jakarta --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 September 2017 Nomor : 185/AM/IX/2018 Lamp : - Hal : notice PT HEIKO JL. Gede Bage  No. 1 Bandung With respect, In connection with our order in the form of handicrafts that you have sent with the express transportation business two weeks ago. We need to let you know that until now the item has not arrived at our hands. Because prices have not been stable lately, with the delay in the arrival of these orders, we will propose the following possibilities: 1. If the goods have not arrived in the next 5 days, starting from the sending of this letter, then we assume that the order was CANCELED. 2. Or we still receive the item but with a discount of 30% We submit this matter completely to you to determine. In the hope that you will understand this. PT WIKI SEJAHTERA Alexa Edelwis Director

v  Example ( Semi Block Style ) :

PT WIKI SEJAHTERA JL. Cempaka Putih No. 189 Telp (021)47666 Fax. (021).62525 http://www.wikisejahtera.co.id Email: ws@gmail.com Central Jakarta -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nomor : 185/AM/IX/2018                                                  September 7, 2018                  Lamp : - Hal : notice PT HEIKO JL. Gede Bage  No. 1 Bandung With respect, In connection with our order in the form of handicrafts that you have sent with the express transportation business two weeks ago. We need to let you know that until now the item has not arrived at our hands. Because prices have not been stable lately, with the delay in the arrival of these orders, we will propose the following possibilities: 1. If the goods have not arrived in the next 5 days, starting from the sending of this letter, then we assume that the order was CANCELED. 2. Or we still receive the item but with a discount of 30% We submit this matter completely to you to determine. In the hope that you will understand this. .                                                                                      PT WIKI SEJAHTERA                                                                     Alexa Edelwis Director

o   INFORMAL LETTER

An informal letter is a personal letter written to friends or relatives. There are fewer formatting rules for informal letters than there are for business or formal letters.

Characteristics of  informal Letter :

Ø  Does not have letterhead

Ø  Does not have a letter number

Ø  Opening or closing sessions are very varied and more relaxed, informal

Ø   Use of free (nonstandard) language according to the wishes of the author

Ø   Free letter format

Example  :

Malang , East Java November 10, 2018 Hi Novia! I think it's been too long since our last meeting in Jakarta, and I thought I wanted to send this letter to find out how everything was. So how are you? how was your campus life there? Lately, I don't know about you, I'm very worried, I hope you are fine there. By the way, when will you go back to Jakarta? I want to meet quickly and tell a lot about my life now. a lot of pleasure and sadness that I want to convey to you. we all miss you so much,  Love,  Liza A.

o   JOB APPLICATION LETTER

Definition of Job Application Letter

A job application letter is a letter from someone who needs work to someone or an official who can give a job or position. Through a cover letter, the applicant requested that he be given a job. A job application letter can also be interpreted as a letter from a prospective employee to a prospective employer who requests that the employee be given a job by a prospective employer

Example :

Jakarta, March 20nd 2018 Attention To: Mr. Nazar Wijaya Head of Human Resource Department PT.MITRA UTAMA Jalan Sudirman No. 89B Jakarta Dear Mr. Nazar Wijaya: Based on the job vacancy advertisement in  Warta Kota Magazine at March15th 2018, I believe there is a job vacancy in your company as anaccountant. I consider myself to be qualified for the job. I have 2 years of experience in accounting and that might be an asset to your company, PT.Pratama Indomitra, in aiming and reaching the company's goals in the future. I got my bachelor degree in accounting 3 years ago and after that I completed a professional certification on tax. I have experience in accounting division in some companies and I am usually responsible for the preparation of monthly consolidate financial statements in the companies. I have experience in taking care of the management of the company and making public reporting. Herewith this letter, I enclose my copy of Bachelor Degree Certificate, my academic transcript, my curriculum vitae, and my recent photograph with size of 4×6. I have high hope to be qualified for the job and that I can be the part of your company in the near future. Sincerely, Liza Amalia

Nurhaliza Amalia

3EB13

25216574